Many markets are replacing or renovating their established real-time services, especially those that repurposed their corporate real-time gross settlement (RTGS) services to cater for instant payments, such as Brazil, the UK, Japan, South Africa, and Mexico. Similarly, India and the US are introducing additional competing services that will sit alongside the established schemes. India is also among countries where domestic schemes are being used to enable cross-border, real-time international transactions and remittance payments. Nepal and Bhutan have adopted payment services based on the Unified Payments Interface (UPI). India has also enabled cross-border real-time payments for the domestic leg of inbound international payments. As schemes around the world move closer to standardisation and interoperability to promote commerce, cross-border real-time payments could become as routine as domestic payments.